<!DOCTYPE html><html><head>
<title>News Story | Maryland NanoCenter</title>
<meta content="DWOal-diUvh8tSrH3R0mubIDZNtVXkhWJoXABqi83AM" name="google-site-verification">
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta content="University of Maryland NanoCenter" name="author">
<link href="../favicon.gif" rel="shortcut icon">
<link href="../lib/css/reset.css" media="screen, print" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="../lib/css/text.css" media="screen, print" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="../lib/css/grid.css" media="screen, print" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="../lib/css/nav.css" media="screen, print" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="../lib/css/960.css" media="screen, print" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="../lib/css/nanocenter.css" media="screen, print" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="../lib/css/slideshow.css" media="screen, print" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="../lib/js/jquery/jquery-ui-1.11.4/jquery-ui.css" media="screen, print" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<script src="../lib/js/jquery/js/jquery-1.11.2.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="../lib/js/jquery/jquery-ui-1.11.4/jquery-ui.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="../scheduler/functions.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="../lib/js/nanocenter.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="../lib/js/jquery/plugins/maxSize/maxSize.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="../lib/js/jquery/plugins/hoverIntent/jquery.hoverIntent_r6.minified.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="../lib/js/jquery/plugins/form/jquery.form.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="../lib/js/jquery/plugins/simpletip-1.3.1/jquery.simpletip-1.3.1.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="../lib/js/rounded.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="../lib/js/jquery/plugins/waypoints/waypoints.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="../lib/js/jquery/plugins/nivo-slider/jquery.nivo.slider.pack.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="../../umd-header.umd.edu/build/bundle.js__querystring__search=0&search_domain=&events=0&news=0&schools=0&admissions=0&support=0&support_url=&wrapper=&sticky=1"></script>
<link href="../lib/js/jquery/plugins/nivo-slider/nivo-slider.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="../lib/js/jquery/plugins/nivo-slider/themes/nanocenter/nivo-slider-nanocenter.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<!-- Google tag (gtag.js) -->
<script async="" src="../../www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js__querystring__id=G-DKLBSDWEHP/index_no_slash.html"></script>
<script>
window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
gtag('js', new Date());
gtag('config', 'G-DKLBSDWEHP');
</script>
<style>
#containerTable {
overflow:hidden;
}
#storyTable {
width:700px;
}
#imageTable {
width:auto;
}
#previousNext a {
font-size: 1.2em;
font-weight: bold;
}
#currentHeadlines {
}
.pageHeader {
font-family:Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
font-size:1.5em;
margin-bottom:0;
}
.subHeader {
font-family: Georgia;
font-size: 14px;
font-weight: bold;
}
#headlines .rightHeader {
width: inherit;
}
p.caption4 {
background-color:#bbb;
border-bottom:solid 1px #ccc;
padding: 4px 10px;
margin:0;
font-weight:bold;
}
p.caption4:hover {
background-color:#aaa;
}
p.caption4 a {
display:block;
}
td {
padding:0;
vertical-align: top;
}
.rightHeader {
color:#fff;
display:block;
background-color:#997A00;
font-size:1em;
padding:4px 15px;
text-transform:uppercase;
margin:0;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="top-menu-container">
<div id="top-menu">
<ul class="nav main">
<li class=""><a href="../index.html"><img alt="Maryland NanoCenter Logo" src="../images/web/logo.nanocenter.white.menu.png"></a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../fablab/index.html">FabLab</a></li>
<li><a href="../aimlab/index.html">AIMLab</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="about"><a href="../about/index.html">About</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../about/index.html">Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="../about/director/index.html">Director</a></li>
<li><a href="../about/staff/index.html">Staff</a></li>
<li><a href="../about/jobs/index.html">Job Opportunities</a></li>
<li><a href="../about/logos/index.html">Logos</a></li>
<li><a href="../about/directions/index.html">Directions</a></li>
<li><a href="../about/contact/index.html">Contact</a></li>
<li><a href="../about/email-list/index.html">Email List</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="faculty"><a href="../faculty/index.html">Faculty</a></li>
<li class="news"><a href="index.html">News</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="index.html">Newsroom</a></li>
<li><a href="news_search.php">Search</a></li>
<li><a href="news_archives.php">Archives</a></li>
<li><a href="../rss/index.html">RSS Feed</a></li>
<li><a href="outreach/index.html">Communications & Outreach</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="events"><a href="../events/index.html">Events</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../events/index.html">Event List</a></li>
<li><a href="../events/collaborated/index.html">Collaborated Events</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../events/mlmr/index.html" title="Machine Learning in Materials Research 2023">MLMR 2023</a></li>
<li><a href="../events/mlmr-2022/index.html" title="Machine Learning in Materials Research 2022">MLMR 2022</a></li>
<li><a href="../events/mlmr-2021/index.html" title="Machine Learning in Materials Research 2021">MLMR 2021</a></li>
<li><a href="../events/mlmr-2020/index.html" title="Machine Learning in Materials Research 2020">MLMR 2020</a></li>
<li><a href="../events/mlmr-2019/index.html" title="Machine Learning in Materials Research 2019">MLMR 2019</a></li>
<li><a href="../events/mlmr-2018/index.html" title="Machine Learning in Materials Research 2018">MLMR 2018</a></li>
<li><a href="../events/mlmr-2017/index.html" title="Machine Learning in Materials Research 2017">MLMR 2017</a></li>
<li><a href="../events/fqm/index.html" title="Fundamentals of Quantum Materials 2017">FQM 2017</a></li>
<li><a href="../events/mlmr-2016/index.html" title="Machine Learning in Materials Research 2016">MLMR 2016</a></li>
<!-- <li><a href="/events/amec/" title="Advancing Materials for Efficient Cooling 2015">AMEC 2015</a></li>
<li><a href="/events/wbg/" title="Wide Band Gap Workshop 2014">WBG 2014</a></li> -->
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="../events/nanocolloquium/index.html">Nanocolloquium</a></li>
<li><a href="../nanoday/index.html">NanoDay</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../nanoday/2016/index.html">2016</a></li>
<li><a href="../nanoday/2014/index.html">2014</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="../events/march-for-science/index.html">March for Science</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="facilities"><a href="../facilities/index.html">Facilities</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../facilities/index.html">Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="../facilities/become-a-user/index_no_slash.html">Become A User</a></li>
<li><a href="../facilities/rates/index.html">Rates</a></li>
<li><a href="../fablab/index.html">FabLab</a></li>
<li><a href="../aimlab/index.html">AIMLab</a></li>
<li><a href="../facilities/partner/index.html">NanoCenter Partner Labs</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../facilities/partner/index.html">SAC</a></li>
<li><a href="../facilities/partner/index.html">RRL</a></li>
<li><a href="../facilities/partner/index.html">ANSLab</a></li>
<li><a href="../facilities/partner/index.html">TEBL</a></li>
<li><a href="../facilities/partner/index.html">CSWangLab</a></li>
<li><a href="../facilities/partner/index.html">EnvEngLab</a></li>
<li><a href="../facilities/partner/index.html">FML</a></li>
<li><a href="../facilities/partner/index.html">NanoMass Core</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="equipment"><a href="../equipment/index.html">Equipment</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../equipment/index.html">Equipment List</a></li>
<li><a href="../scheduler/index.html">Equipment Scheduler</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="connections"><a href="../connections/index.html">Connections</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../connections/index.html">Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="../connections/centers/index.html">Centers & Institutes</a></li>
<li><a href="../connections/programs/index.html">Programs</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../connections/programs/pml/index.html">PML Collaboration</a></li>
<li><a href="../connections/programs/sparks/index.html">Sparks Symposium</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="research"><a href="../research/index.html">Research</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../research/index.html">Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="../research/hotpapers/index.html">Hot Papers</a></li>
<li><a href="../research/publications/index.html">Publications</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../research/publications/submit.php">Submit a Publication</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="../research/acknowledge/index.html">Acknowledge</a></li>
<li><a href="../research/threads/index.html">Threads</a>
</li>
<!-- <li><a href="/research/faculty/">Faculty Profiles</a></li> -->
<!-- <li><a href="/research/patents/">Patents</a></li> -->
<!-- <li><a href="/research/media/">Media Coverage</a></li> -->
</ul>
</li>
<li class="education"><a href="../education/index.html">Education</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../education/index.html">Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="../education/enma181/index.html">Intro to Nanotechnology</a></li>
<li><a href="../education/nano-minor/index.html">Nano Minor</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../education/nano-minor/courses/index.html">Courses</a></li>
<!-- <li><a href="/education/nano-minor/model">Model Program</a></li> -->
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="../education/communicating-science/index.html">Communicating Science</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="giving"><a href="../giving/index.html">Giving</a></li>
<!--
<li class="secondary help">
<a href="/help" title="Help Section">Help</a>
</li>
-->
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="nanocenter-header-container">
<div id="nanocenter-header" style="background:url(/images/web/header_backgrounds/2.jpg) no-repeat;">
<div id="nanocenter-header-fade-overlay">
<div id="nanocenter-header-logo">
<a href="../index.html"><img alt="NanoCenter Logo" src="../images/logos/nanocenter/logo.nanocenter.white.png"></a>
</div>
<div id="nanocenter-header-search">
<a href="../login.php"><strong>Login</strong></a> |
<a href="../register.php"><strong>Register</strong></a> <!-- Google CSE Search Box Begins -->
<!--
<script>
(function() {
var cx = '007626350928369927294:-12-zupu4ka';
var gcse = document.createElement('script');
gcse.type = 'text/javascript';
gcse.async = true;
gcse.src = (document.location.protocol == 'https:' ? 'https:' : 'http:') +
'//cse.google.com/cse.js?cx=' + cx;
var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
s.parentNode.insertBefore(gcse, s);
})();
</script>
<gcse:search></gcse:search>
<form action="/search.php" id="searchbox_007626350928369927294:rai-gn7lyee">
<input type="hidden" name="cx" value="007626350928369927294:rai-gn7lyee">
<input type="hidden" name="cof" value="FORID:11">
<input type="text" name="q" size="25"><br>
<input class="button" type="submit" name="sa" value="Search">
</form>
-->
<!-- <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.google.com/coop/cse/brand?form=searchbox_007626350928369927294%3Arai-gn7lyee&lang=en"></script> -->
<!-- Google CSE Search Box Ends -->
</div>
<div class="clear"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="clear"></div>
<div class="container_16" id="nanocenter-content">
<div id="page-top">
<span style="float:left;">June 28, 2023</span>
<span style="float:right;padding-right:5px;">
<a href="../../www.umd.edu/index.html">UMD Home</a>
<a href="../fablab/index.html">FabLab</a>
<a href="../aimlab/index.html">AIMLab</a>
</span>
</div>
<div class="clear"></div>
<div class="grid_16" id="sub-top">
<ul id="breadcrumb">
<li><a href="../index.html">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html">News</a></li>
<li>Story</li>
</ul>
<ul id="page-utils"><li><a href="javascript:window.print()">Print</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="clear"></div>
<div class="grid_16" id="page-head" style="background-color:#997A00">
<h2 id="page-heading">News Story</h2>
</div>
<div class="clear"></div>
<!-- CONTENT START -->
<div class="grid_16" id="newsStory">
<!--75353-->
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="containerTable">
<tbody><tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><br>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="titleTable">
<tbody><tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="1"><img height="17" hspace="0" src="../../www.eng.umd.edu/images/sub/layout/headerornament.gif" vspace="0" width="17"></td>
<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="pageHeader">Semiconductor quantum transistor opens the door for photon-based computing</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<img height="19" src="../images/shim.gif" width="1"><br>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="storyTable" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="1"><img height="1" src="../images/shim.gif" width="1"></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<table align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="imageTable" width="187">
<tbody><tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><img align="left" alt="Researchers demonstrate the first single-photon transistor using a semiconductor chip. They used a single photon, stored in a quantum memory, to toggle the state of other photons. Credit: E. Edwards/Joint Quantum Institute" src="../../mnemosyne.umd.edu/tomcat/newsengine/articleImg/article11475.large.png"><br></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="18"><img height="1" src="../images/shim.gif" width="18"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="caption">Researchers demonstrate the first single-photon transistor using a semiconductor chip. They used a single photon, stored in a quantum memory, to toggle the state of other photons. Credit: E. Edwards/Joint Quantum Institute</p></td>
<td align="left" valign="top"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p></p><p>Transistors are tiny switches that form the bedrock of modern computing; billions of them route electrical signals around inside a smartphone, for instance.</p>
<p>Quantum computers will need analogous hardware to manipulate quantum information. But the design constraints for this new technology are stringent, and today’s most advanced processors can’t be repurposed as quantum devices. That’s because quantum information carriers, dubbed qubits, have to follow different rules laid out by quantum physics.</p>
<p>Scientists can use many kinds of quantum particles as qubits, even the photons that make up light. Photons have added appeal because they can swiftly shuttle information over long distances, and they are compatible with fabricated chips. However, making a quantum transistor triggered by light has been challenging because it requires that the photons interact with each other, something that doesn’t ordinarily happen on its own.</p>
<p>Now, researchers at the <a href="../../www.umd.edu/index.html" target="_blank">University of Maryland</a>’s <a href="../../eng.umd.edu/index.html">A. James Clark School of Engineering</a> and <a href="../../jqi.umd.edu/index.html" target="_blank">Joint Quantum Institute (JQI)</a>—led by Professor of <a href="../../www.ece.umd.edu/home/index_no_slash.html" target="_blank">Electrical and Computer Engineering</a>, JQI Fellow, and <a href="../../ireap.umd.edu/index.html" target="_blank">Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics</a> Affiliate <a href="../../www.ece.umd.edu/faculty/waks/index_no_slash.html" target="_blank">Edo Waks</a>—have cleared this hurdle and demonstrated the first single-photon transistor using a semiconductor chip. The device, <a href="../../science.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.aat3581" target="_blank">described in the July 6 issue of <em>Science</em></a>, is compact; roughly one million of these new transistors could fit inside a single grain of salt. It is also fast and able to process 10 billion photonic qubits every second.</p>
<p>“Using our transistor, we should be able to perform quantum gates between photons,†says Waks. “Software running on a quantum computer would use a series of such operations to attain exponential speedup for certain computational problems.â€</p>
<p>The photonic chip is made from a semiconductor with numerous holes in it, making it appear much like a honeycomb. Light entering the chip bounces around and gets trapped by the hole pattern; a small crystal called a quantum dot sits inside the area where the light intensity is strongest. Analogous to conventional computer memory, the dot stores information about photons as they enter the device. The dot can effectively tap into that memory to mediate photon interactions—meaning that the actions of one photon affect others that later arrive at the chip.</p>
<p>“In a single-photon transistor, the quantum dot memory must persist long enough to interact with each photonic qubit,†says Shuo Sun, lead author of the new work and postdoctoral research fellow at Stanford University who was a UMD graduate student at the time of the research. “This allows a single photon to switch a bigger stream of photons, which is essential for our device to be considered a transistor.â€</p>
<p>To test that the chip operated like a transistor, the researchers examined how the device responded to weak light pulses that usually contained only one photon. In a normal environment, such dim light might barely register. However, in this device, a single photon gets trapped for a long time, registering its presence in the nearby dot.</p>
<p>The team observed that a single photon could, by interacting with the dot, control the transmission of a second light pulse through the device. The first light pulse acts like a key, opening the door for the second photon to enter the chip. If the first pulse didn’t contain any photons, the dot blocked subsequent photons from getting through. This behavior is similar to a conventional transistor where a small voltage controls the passage of current through its terminals. Here, the researchers successfully replaced the voltage with a single photon and demonstrated that their quantum transistor could switch a light pulse containing around 30 photons before the quantum dot’s memory ran out.</p>
<p>Waks says that his team had to test different aspects of the device’s performance prior to getting the transistor to work. “Until now, we had the individual components necessary to make a single photon transistor, but here we combined all of the steps into a single chip,†he says.</p>
<p>Sun says that with realistic engineering improvements their approach could allow many quantum light transistors to be linked together. The team hopes that such speedy, highly connected devices will eventually lead to compact quantum computers that process large numbers of photonic qubits.</p>
<p><a href="../../science.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.aat3581" target="_blank"><strong>Read the <em>Science</em> paper here.</strong></a></p>
<br><br><strong>Related Articles:</strong>
<br><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=14123">Multi-institutional Research Team Documents Quantum Melting of Wigner Crystals</a><br><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=12812">Universities, National Labs and Corporations Create New Alliance to Accelerate Maryland's Leadership in Quantum Science</a><br><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=12412">University of Maryland Launches Quantum Technology Center</a><br><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=12303">Perfect Quantum Portal Emerges at Exotic Interface</a><br><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=12299">Ring Resonators Corner Light</a><br><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=12195">Partnering for Quantum Leaps</a><br><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=11857">Researchers make liquid crystals do the twist</a><br><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=11269">Four Clark School Professors Receive Competitive DURIP Grants</a>
<br><br><span class="caption">July 5, 2018</span>
<p></p>
<br clear="all">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="previousNext" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td width="45%"><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=11465">«Previous Story </a></td>
<td> </td>
<td width="45%"><div align="right"><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=11485">Next Story»</a> </div></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p> </p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
<td valign="top" width="20"> </td>
<td valign="top" width="1">
<img align="left" height="495" src="../../www.eng.umd.edu/images/sub/layout/rhtcolline.gif" width="1">
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="172">
<table border="0" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" id="currentHeadlines" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="100%"><p class="rightHeader">Current Headlines </p>
<p class="caption4"><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=15282">Selected Publications from NanoCenter's AIM Lab and FabLab</a></p>
<p class="caption4"><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=15553">Connect with Maryland Engineering at the 2023 ASEE Annual Conference</a></p>
<p class="caption4"><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=15518">Powering a Greener Future</a></p>
<p class="caption4"><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=15485">Device That Harvests Water From Air Named Top UMD Invention of the Year</a></p>
<p class="caption4"><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=15456">Maryland Engineering Graduate Programs: Top 10 Among Public Universities, Five Years in a Row</a></p>
<p class="caption4"><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=15447">Electrified Plastic Recycling Toward A Sustainable Future</a></p>
<p class="caption4"><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=15444">Crank Up the AC, Not Global Warming</a></p>
<p class="caption4"><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=15405">Women’s History Month Spotlight</a></p>
<p class="caption4"><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=15393">Safe Lithium Batteries Get a Boost</a></p>
<p class="caption4"><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=15389">2023 Energy Seed Grants Provide Launchpad for Local Startups</a></p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<script>
// Code to style news from ENG news engine
$(document).ready(function(){
// removes title bullet
$('#titleTable tr:first-child td:first-child').hide();
// removes spacing above title
$('#containerTable tr:first-child td:first-child br:first-of-type').hide();
// adds page-header css rule to title block
$('.pageHeader').addClass('page-header');
// removes spacing to the left of the news story
$('#containerTable tr:first-child td:nth-child(1)').css('width:700px');
$('#containerTable tr:first-child td:nth-child(3)').hide();
// replace the Next Story link
$('#previousNext td').show();
// Format side headlines to match our site dimensions
$('#containerTable tr:first-child td:nth-child(4)').css('width', '220');
$('#currentHeadlines').attr('cellpadding', '0');
$('#currentHeadlines .rightHeader').addClass('nanocenter-module-header');
// Help the right table consistently reach the bottom of page
$('#currentHeadlines').height($('#containerTable').height()+100);
// Add News Resources for consistency and backtrack links
var nr = '<p class="rightHeader nanocenter-module-header">News Resources</p>'+
'<p class="caption4"><a href="/news/">Newsroom</a></p>'+
'<p class="caption4"><a href="/news/news_search.php">Search Nano News</a></p>'+
'<p class="caption4"><a href="/news/news_archives.php">Archived News</a></p>'+
'<p class="caption4"><a href="/news/press_releases.php">Press Releases</a></p>'+
'<p class="caption4"><a href="http://feed.eng.umd.edu/news/nano/feed.xml" class="rss-link">NanoCenter RSS</a></p>';
$('#currentHeadlines tr:first-child td:last-child').append(nr);
});
</script>
<!-- CONTENT END -->
<div class="clear"></div>
</div>
<div class="clear"></div>
<div class="container_16" id="site-info">
<p><span class="footer-section-head">Colleges</span>
<a href="../../www.eng.umd.edu/index.html">A. James Clark School of Engineering</a><br>
<a href="../../www.cmns.umd.edu/index.html">The College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences</a>
</p>
<p><span class="footer-section-head">Communicate</span>
<a href="../about/email-list/index.html">Join Email List</a><br>
<a href="../about/contact/index.html">Contact Us</a><br>
<a href="../../twitter.com/index.html">Follow us on Twitter<img alt="Twitter logo" src="../images/logos/media/twitter-bird-dark-bgs.png" style="width:25px;margin:-5px -5px -5px 0;"></a>
</p>
<p><span class="footer-section-head">Links</span>
<a href="../../umd.edu/privacy-notice/index_no_slash.html">Privacy Policy</a><br>
<a href="../sitemap/index.html">Sitemap</a><br>
<a class="rss-link" href="../rss/index.html" style="display:inline;">RSS</a>
</p>
<p><span class="footer-section-head" style="display:inline;">Copyright</span>
<a href="../../www.umd.edu/index.html"><img alt="The University of Maryland" src="../images/logos/umd/umd-globe-white-text-small.png" style="border:0;float:right;" title="The University of Maryland"></a>
<a href="../../www.umd.edu/index.html">University of Maryland</a><br>
2004-2023 </p>
<div class="clear"></div>
<!-- <script type="text/javascript" src="/lib/js/wz_tooltip.js"></script> -->
<script>
window.onload = function(){
$('body').css('paddingTop', '31px');
$('#umh-cont').addClass('collapsed');
$('#umh-main').hide();
};
</script>
</div>
</body></html>