<!DOCTYPE html><html><head>
<title>News Story | Maryland NanoCenter</title>
<meta content="DWOal-diUvh8tSrH3R0mubIDZNtVXkhWJoXABqi83AM" name="google-site-verification">
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta content="University of Maryland NanoCenter" name="author">
<link href="../favicon.gif" rel="shortcut icon">
<link href="../lib/css/reset.css" media="screen, print" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="../lib/css/text.css" media="screen, print" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="../lib/css/grid.css" media="screen, print" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="../lib/css/nav.css" media="screen, print" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="../lib/css/960.css" media="screen, print" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="../lib/css/nanocenter.css" media="screen, print" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="../lib/css/slideshow.css" media="screen, print" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="../lib/js/jquery/jquery-ui-1.11.4/jquery-ui.css" media="screen, print" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<script src="../lib/js/jquery/js/jquery-1.11.2.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="../lib/js/jquery/jquery-ui-1.11.4/jquery-ui.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="../scheduler/functions.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="../lib/js/nanocenter.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="../lib/js/jquery/plugins/maxSize/maxSize.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="../lib/js/jquery/plugins/hoverIntent/jquery.hoverIntent_r6.minified.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="../lib/js/jquery/plugins/form/jquery.form.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="../lib/js/jquery/plugins/simpletip-1.3.1/jquery.simpletip-1.3.1.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="../lib/js/rounded.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="../lib/js/jquery/plugins/waypoints/waypoints.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="../lib/js/jquery/plugins/nivo-slider/jquery.nivo.slider.pack.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="../../umd-header.umd.edu/build/bundle.js__querystring__search=0&search_domain=&events=0&news=0&schools=0&admissions=0&support=0&support_url=&wrapper=&sticky=1"></script>
<link href="../lib/js/jquery/plugins/nivo-slider/nivo-slider.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="../lib/js/jquery/plugins/nivo-slider/themes/nanocenter/nivo-slider-nanocenter.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<!-- Google tag (gtag.js) -->
<script async="" src="../../www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js__querystring__id=G-DKLBSDWEHP/index_no_slash.html"></script>
<script>
window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
gtag('js', new Date());
gtag('config', 'G-DKLBSDWEHP');
</script>
<style>
#containerTable {
overflow:hidden;
}
#storyTable {
width:700px;
}
#imageTable {
width:auto;
}
#previousNext a {
font-size: 1.2em;
font-weight: bold;
}
#currentHeadlines {
}
.pageHeader {
font-family:Georgia, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
font-size:1.5em;
margin-bottom:0;
}
.subHeader {
font-family: Georgia;
font-size: 14px;
font-weight: bold;
}
#headlines .rightHeader {
width: inherit;
}
p.caption4 {
background-color:#bbb;
border-bottom:solid 1px #ccc;
padding: 4px 10px;
margin:0;
font-weight:bold;
}
p.caption4:hover {
background-color:#aaa;
}
p.caption4 a {
display:block;
}
td {
padding:0;
vertical-align: top;
}
.rightHeader {
color:#fff;
display:block;
background-color:#997A00;
font-size:1em;
padding:4px 15px;
text-transform:uppercase;
margin:0;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="top-menu-container">
<div id="top-menu">
<ul class="nav main">
<li class=""><a href="../index.html"><img alt="Maryland NanoCenter Logo" src="../images/web/logo.nanocenter.white.menu.png"></a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../fablab/index.html">FabLab</a></li>
<li><a href="../aimlab/index.html">AIMLab</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="about"><a href="../about/index.html">About</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../about/index.html">Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="../about/director/index.html">Director</a></li>
<li><a href="../about/staff/index.html">Staff</a></li>
<li><a href="../about/jobs/index.html">Job Opportunities</a></li>
<li><a href="../about/logos/index.html">Logos</a></li>
<li><a href="../about/directions/index.html">Directions</a></li>
<li><a href="../about/contact/index.html">Contact</a></li>
<li><a href="../about/email-list/index.html">Email List</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="faculty"><a href="../faculty/index.html">Faculty</a></li>
<li class="news"><a href="index.html">News</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="index.html">Newsroom</a></li>
<li><a href="news_search.php">Search</a></li>
<li><a href="news_archives.php">Archives</a></li>
<li><a href="../rss/index.html">RSS Feed</a></li>
<li><a href="outreach/index.html">Communications & Outreach</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="events"><a href="../events/index.html">Events</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../events/index.html">Event List</a></li>
<li><a href="../events/collaborated/index.html">Collaborated Events</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../events/mlmr/index.html" title="Machine Learning in Materials Research 2023">MLMR 2023</a></li>
<li><a href="../events/mlmr-2022/index.html" title="Machine Learning in Materials Research 2022">MLMR 2022</a></li>
<li><a href="../events/mlmr-2021/index.html" title="Machine Learning in Materials Research 2021">MLMR 2021</a></li>
<li><a href="../events/mlmr-2020/index.html" title="Machine Learning in Materials Research 2020">MLMR 2020</a></li>
<li><a href="../events/mlmr-2019/index.html" title="Machine Learning in Materials Research 2019">MLMR 2019</a></li>
<li><a href="../events/mlmr-2018/index.html" title="Machine Learning in Materials Research 2018">MLMR 2018</a></li>
<li><a href="../events/mlmr-2017/index.html" title="Machine Learning in Materials Research 2017">MLMR 2017</a></li>
<li><a href="../events/fqm/index.html" title="Fundamentals of Quantum Materials 2017">FQM 2017</a></li>
<li><a href="../events/mlmr-2016/index.html" title="Machine Learning in Materials Research 2016">MLMR 2016</a></li>
<!-- <li><a href="/events/amec/" title="Advancing Materials for Efficient Cooling 2015">AMEC 2015</a></li>
<li><a href="/events/wbg/" title="Wide Band Gap Workshop 2014">WBG 2014</a></li> -->
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="../events/nanocolloquium/index.html">Nanocolloquium</a></li>
<li><a href="../nanoday/index.html">NanoDay</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../nanoday/2016/index.html">2016</a></li>
<li><a href="../nanoday/2014/index.html">2014</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="../events/march-for-science/index.html">March for Science</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="facilities"><a href="../facilities/index.html">Facilities</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../facilities/index.html">Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="../facilities/become-a-user/index_no_slash.html">Become A User</a></li>
<li><a href="../facilities/rates/index.html">Rates</a></li>
<li><a href="../fablab/index.html">FabLab</a></li>
<li><a href="../aimlab/index.html">AIMLab</a></li>
<li><a href="../facilities/partner/index.html">NanoCenter Partner Labs</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../facilities/partner/index.html">SAC</a></li>
<li><a href="../facilities/partner/index.html">RRL</a></li>
<li><a href="../facilities/partner/index.html">ANSLab</a></li>
<li><a href="../facilities/partner/index.html">TEBL</a></li>
<li><a href="../facilities/partner/index.html">CSWangLab</a></li>
<li><a href="../facilities/partner/index.html">EnvEngLab</a></li>
<li><a href="../facilities/partner/index.html">FML</a></li>
<li><a href="../facilities/partner/index.html">NanoMass Core</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="equipment"><a href="../equipment/index.html">Equipment</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../equipment/index.html">Equipment List</a></li>
<li><a href="../scheduler/index.html">Equipment Scheduler</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="connections"><a href="../connections/index.html">Connections</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../connections/index.html">Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="../connections/centers/index.html">Centers & Institutes</a></li>
<li><a href="../connections/programs/index.html">Programs</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../connections/programs/pml/index.html">PML Collaboration</a></li>
<li><a href="../connections/programs/sparks/index.html">Sparks Symposium</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="research"><a href="../research/index.html">Research</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../research/index.html">Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="../research/hotpapers/index.html">Hot Papers</a></li>
<li><a href="../research/publications/index.html">Publications</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../research/publications/submit.php">Submit a Publication</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="../research/acknowledge/index.html">Acknowledge</a></li>
<li><a href="../research/threads/index.html">Threads</a>
</li>
<!-- <li><a href="/research/faculty/">Faculty Profiles</a></li> -->
<!-- <li><a href="/research/patents/">Patents</a></li> -->
<!-- <li><a href="/research/media/">Media Coverage</a></li> -->
</ul>
</li>
<li class="education"><a href="../education/index.html">Education</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../education/index.html">Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="../education/enma181/index.html">Intro to Nanotechnology</a></li>
<li><a href="../education/nano-minor/index.html">Nano Minor</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="../education/nano-minor/courses/index.html">Courses</a></li>
<!-- <li><a href="/education/nano-minor/model">Model Program</a></li> -->
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="../education/communicating-science/index.html">Communicating Science</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="giving"><a href="../giving/index.html">Giving</a></li>
<!--
<li class="secondary help">
<a href="/help" title="Help Section">Help</a>
</li>
-->
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="nanocenter-header-container">
<div id="nanocenter-header" style="background:url(/images/web/header_backgrounds/2.jpg) no-repeat;">
<div id="nanocenter-header-fade-overlay">
<div id="nanocenter-header-logo">
<a href="../index.html"><img alt="NanoCenter Logo" src="../images/logos/nanocenter/logo.nanocenter.white.png"></a>
</div>
<div id="nanocenter-header-search">
<a href="../login.php"><strong>Login</strong></a> |
<a href="../register.php"><strong>Register</strong></a> <!-- Google CSE Search Box Begins -->
<!--
<script>
(function() {
var cx = '007626350928369927294:-12-zupu4ka';
var gcse = document.createElement('script');
gcse.type = 'text/javascript';
gcse.async = true;
gcse.src = (document.location.protocol == 'https:' ? 'https:' : 'http:') +
'//cse.google.com/cse.js?cx=' + cx;
var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
s.parentNode.insertBefore(gcse, s);
})();
</script>
<gcse:search></gcse:search>
<form action="/search.php" id="searchbox_007626350928369927294:rai-gn7lyee">
<input type="hidden" name="cx" value="007626350928369927294:rai-gn7lyee">
<input type="hidden" name="cof" value="FORID:11">
<input type="text" name="q" size="25"><br>
<input class="button" type="submit" name="sa" value="Search">
</form>
-->
<!-- <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.google.com/coop/cse/brand?form=searchbox_007626350928369927294%3Arai-gn7lyee&lang=en"></script> -->
<!-- Google CSE Search Box Ends -->
</div>
<div class="clear"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="clear"></div>
<div class="container_16" id="nanocenter-content">
<div id="page-top">
<span style="float:left;">June 28, 2023</span>
<span style="float:right;padding-right:5px;">
<a href="../../www.umd.edu/index.html">UMD Home</a>
<a href="../fablab/index.html">FabLab</a>
<a href="../aimlab/index.html">AIMLab</a>
</span>
</div>
<div class="clear"></div>
<div class="grid_16" id="sub-top">
<ul id="breadcrumb">
<li><a href="../index.html">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html">News</a></li>
<li>Story</li>
</ul>
<ul id="page-utils"><li><a href="javascript:window.print()">Print</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="clear"></div>
<div class="grid_16" id="page-head" style="background-color:#997A00">
<h2 id="page-heading">News Story</h2>
</div>
<div class="clear"></div>
<!-- CONTENT START -->
<div class="grid_16" id="newsStory">
<!--68988-->
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="containerTable">
<tbody><tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><br>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="titleTable">
<tbody><tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="1"><img height="17" hspace="0" src="../../www.eng.umd.edu/images/sub/layout/headerornament.gif" vspace="0" width="17"></td>
<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="pageHeader">Study validates face recognition experts, but shows humans perform best with an AI partner</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<img height="19" src="../images/shim.gif" width="1"><br>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="storyTable" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="1"><img height="1" src="../images/shim.gif" width="1"></td>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<table align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="imageTable" width="187">
<tbody><tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><img align="left" alt="Photo: Are these two faces the same person? Trained specialists called forensic face examiners testify about such questions in court. A new study indicates combining their expertise with state-of-the-art face recognition software gives the best accuracy. Credit: J. Stoughton/NIST" src="../../mnemosyne.umd.edu/tomcat/newsengine/articleImg/article11388.large.png"><br></td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="18"><img height="1" src="../images/shim.gif" width="18"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="caption">Photo: Are these two faces the same person? Trained specialists called forensic face examiners testify about such questions in court. A new study indicates combining their expertise with state-of-the-art face recognition software gives the best accuracy. Credit: J. Stoughton/NIST</p></td>
<td align="left" valign="top"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p></p><p>New research that combines computer vision research, forensic science, and psychology shows that experts in facial identification are highly accurate, but that the highest accuracy in face recognition comes through the partnering of a human expert with state-of-the-art face recognition software.</p>
<p>A team of scientists from the University of Maryland, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the University of Texas at Dallas, and the University of New South Wales tested and compared the face recognition accuracy of forensic examiners, computer face recognition programs, and people with no training in face recognition. <a href="../../doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1721355115" target="_blank">A paper based on the research was published May 29, 2018, in the journal <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</em> (<em>PNAS</em>).</a></p>
<p>The study, part of efforts to strengthen forensic science in the U.S., found that the performance of professionally trained facial identification experts was much more accurate than that of people untrained in facial recognition. And it showed this accuracy was further enhanced by combining the evaluations of multiple experts, a common forensic practice.</p>
<p>However, UMD Distinguished University Professor <a href="../../www.ece.umd.edu/faculty/chellappa/index_no_slash.html" target="_blank">Rama Chellappa</a>, a study co-author and nationally recognized leader in computer face recognition, said that the other two main results were more surprising.</p>
<p>“We found that the face recognition performance of the best computer algorithms is up there with the performance of forensic examiners,†said Chellappa, who is a Minta Martin Professor of Engineering and chair of the <a href="../../www.ece.umd.edu/home/index_no_slash.html" target="_blank">Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering</a> in UMD’s <a href="../../eng.umd.edu/index.html">A. James Clark School of Engineering</a> and a leading computer vision researcher in the University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies (UMIACS).</p>
<p>Study co-author and UMIACS Assistant Research Scientist Carlos Castillo said: “This finding represents a computer achievement comparable to the chess playing performance of IBM’s Deep Blue in matches [1996–1997] with then-World Chess Champion Garry Kasparov.â€</p>
<p>“We don’t know yet how this finding should be implemented in forensic practices, but it appears that computer face recognition is a tool that forensic science can use,†said Chellappa, whose postdoctoral associate Jun-Cheng Chen and two doctoral students Rajeev Ranjan and Swami Sankaranarayanan designed and developed the three face recognition programs used in the study. The top performing program, A2017b, whose inventors are Rajeev Ranjan, Carlos Castillo and Rama Chellappa was named a UMD Invention of the Year in April.</p>
<p>According to Chellappa, the broader context for the study is that it is a step in the process of learning how machine and humans can best work together. “These findings add to such knowledge and to the possibility that humans can trust machines to help them.â€</p>
<p>The team’s effort began in response to a 2009 report by the National Research Council, <em>Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward</em>, which underscored the need to measure the accuracy of forensic examiner decisions. In their recent study published in <em>PNAS</em>, the researchers note that remarkably little was previously known about the accuracy of forensic facial comparisons by examiners relative to such comparisons by people without training, and nothing was known about their accuracy relative to computer-based face recognition systems.</p>
<p>“This is the first study to measure face identification accuracy for professional forensic facial examiners, working under circumstances that apply in real-world casework,†said NIST electronic engineer and lead author P. Jonathon Phillips. “Our deeper goal was to find better ways to increase the accuracy of forensic facial comparisons.â€</p>
<p>The study involved a total of 184 participants. Fifty-seven were forensic facial examiners, with the highest level of professional training in the identification of faces in images and videos. Thirty were facial reviewers with a lower level of training in facial identification. Thirteen were “super recognizers,†people with exceptional natural ability to recognize faces. The remaining 84—the control groups—included 53 fingerprint examiners and 31 undergraduate students, none of whom had training in facial comparisons.</p>
<p>For the test, the participants received 20 pairs of face images and rated the likelihood of each pair being the same person on a seven-point scale. The research team intentionally selected extremely challenging pairs, using images taken with limited control of illumination, expression and appearance. They then tested four of the latest computerized facial recognition algorithms, all developed between 2015 and 2017, using the same image pairs.</p>
<p><em>The A. James Clark School of Engineering at the University of Maryland serves as the catalyst for high-quality research, innovation, and learning, delivering on a promise that all graduates will leave ready to impact the Grand Challenges (energy, environment, security, and human health) of the 21st century. The Clark School is dedicated to leading and transforming the engineering discipline and profession, to accelerating entrepreneurship, and to transforming research and learning activities into new innovations that benefit millions. Visit us online at <a href="../../eng.umd.edu/index.html">www.eng.umd.edu</a> and follow us on Twitter <a href="../../twitter.com/ClarkSchool/index_no_slash.html" target="_blank">@ClarkSchool</a>.</em></p>
<p> </p>
<br><br><strong>Related Articles:</strong>
<br><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=12340">The Battery Revolution</a><br><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=12083">Algorithms and Autonomous Discovery</a><br><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=12080">Machine Learning's Translational Medicine</a><br><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=12063">Measuring Change in the Atmosphere</a><br><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=12046">The Buddy System: Human-Computer Teams</a>
<br><br><span class="caption">June 6, 2018</span>
<p></p>
<br clear="all">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="previousNext" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td width="45%"><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=11385">«Previous Story </a></td>
<td> </td>
<td width="45%"><div align="right"><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=11441">Next Story»</a> </div></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p> </p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
<td valign="top" width="20"> </td>
<td valign="top" width="1">
<img align="left" height="495" src="../../www.eng.umd.edu/images/sub/layout/rhtcolline.gif" width="1">
</td>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="172">
<table border="0" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" id="currentHeadlines" width="100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" width="100%"><p class="rightHeader">Current Headlines </p>
<p class="caption4"><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=15282">Selected Publications from NanoCenter's AIM Lab and FabLab</a></p>
<p class="caption4"><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=15553">Connect with Maryland Engineering at the 2023 ASEE Annual Conference</a></p>
<p class="caption4"><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=15518">Powering a Greener Future</a></p>
<p class="caption4"><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=15485">Device That Harvests Water From Air Named Top UMD Invention of the Year</a></p>
<p class="caption4"><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=15456">Maryland Engineering Graduate Programs: Top 10 Among Public Universities, Five Years in a Row</a></p>
<p class="caption4"><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=15447">Electrified Plastic Recycling Toward A Sustainable Future</a></p>
<p class="caption4"><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=15444">Crank Up the AC, Not Global Warming</a></p>
<p class="caption4"><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=15405">Women’s History Month Spotlight</a></p>
<p class="caption4"><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=15393">Safe Lithium Batteries Get a Boost</a></p>
<p class="caption4"><a href="news_story.php__querystring__id=15389">2023 Energy Seed Grants Provide Launchpad for Local Startups</a></p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<script>
// Code to style news from ENG news engine
$(document).ready(function(){
// removes title bullet
$('#titleTable tr:first-child td:first-child').hide();
// removes spacing above title
$('#containerTable tr:first-child td:first-child br:first-of-type').hide();
// adds page-header css rule to title block
$('.pageHeader').addClass('page-header');
// removes spacing to the left of the news story
$('#containerTable tr:first-child td:nth-child(1)').css('width:700px');
$('#containerTable tr:first-child td:nth-child(3)').hide();
// replace the Next Story link
$('#previousNext td').show();
// Format side headlines to match our site dimensions
$('#containerTable tr:first-child td:nth-child(4)').css('width', '220');
$('#currentHeadlines').attr('cellpadding', '0');
$('#currentHeadlines .rightHeader').addClass('nanocenter-module-header');
// Help the right table consistently reach the bottom of page
$('#currentHeadlines').height($('#containerTable').height()+100);
// Add News Resources for consistency and backtrack links
var nr = '<p class="rightHeader nanocenter-module-header">News Resources</p>'+
'<p class="caption4"><a href="/news/">Newsroom</a></p>'+
'<p class="caption4"><a href="/news/news_search.php">Search Nano News</a></p>'+
'<p class="caption4"><a href="/news/news_archives.php">Archived News</a></p>'+
'<p class="caption4"><a href="/news/press_releases.php">Press Releases</a></p>'+
'<p class="caption4"><a href="http://feed.eng.umd.edu/news/nano/feed.xml" class="rss-link">NanoCenter RSS</a></p>';
$('#currentHeadlines tr:first-child td:last-child').append(nr);
});
</script>
<!-- CONTENT END -->
<div class="clear"></div>
</div>
<div class="clear"></div>
<div class="container_16" id="site-info">
<p><span class="footer-section-head">Colleges</span>
<a href="../../www.eng.umd.edu/index.html">A. James Clark School of Engineering</a><br>
<a href="../../www.cmns.umd.edu/index.html">The College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences</a>
</p>
<p><span class="footer-section-head">Communicate</span>
<a href="../about/email-list/index.html">Join Email List</a><br>
<a href="../about/contact/index.html">Contact Us</a><br>
<a href="../../twitter.com/index.html">Follow us on Twitter<img alt="Twitter logo" src="../images/logos/media/twitter-bird-dark-bgs.png" style="width:25px;margin:-5px -5px -5px 0;"></a>
</p>
<p><span class="footer-section-head">Links</span>
<a href="../../umd.edu/privacy-notice/index_no_slash.html">Privacy Policy</a><br>
<a href="../sitemap/index.html">Sitemap</a><br>
<a class="rss-link" href="../rss/index.html" style="display:inline;">RSS</a>
</p>
<p><span class="footer-section-head" style="display:inline;">Copyright</span>
<a href="../../www.umd.edu/index.html"><img alt="The University of Maryland" src="../images/logos/umd/umd-globe-white-text-small.png" style="border:0;float:right;" title="The University of Maryland"></a>
<a href="../../www.umd.edu/index.html">University of Maryland</a><br>
2004-2023 </p>
<div class="clear"></div>
<!-- <script type="text/javascript" src="/lib/js/wz_tooltip.js"></script> -->
<script>
window.onload = function(){
$('body').css('paddingTop', '31px');
$('#umh-cont').addClass('collapsed');
$('#umh-main').hide();
};
</script>
</div>
</body></html>